UARTs are the abbreviation for Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, which is a communication protocol used for serial communication between computers and external devices.
The working principle of UART is to communicate through transmitting binary data. It converts the data to be transmitted into serial data, which is then transmitted through a wire, and then restored to parallel data at the receiving end. UART communicates data transmission through two communication lines, TX (transmit) and RX (receive). The transmitting end converts the data into serial data and sends it, while the receiving end converts the received serial data into parallel data.
The advantages of UART include:
1. Fast communication speed, reaching several tens of Mbps.
2. Simple hardware circuit with lower cost.
3. Supports baud rate adaptation to accommodate different communication speeds.
4. Simple to use, does not require complex protocols.
The disadvantages of UART include:
1. Can only perform point-to-point communication and does not support simultaneous communication with multiple devices.
2. Short transmission distance, typically not exceeding several tens of meters.
3. Easily susceptible to interference, sensitive to electromagnetic interference and signal attenuation.
Common combinations of UART include:
1. Communication between microcontrollers and sensors or peripherals.
2. Communication between computers and external devices such as printers or modems.
UART is widely used in various industries, including:
1. Electronics manufacturing industry: in areas such as mobile phones, computers, automotive electronics, etc.
2. Industrial automation: used for communication between control systems, sensors, actuators, and other devices.
3. Communication field: used for transmitting data, voice, and other information.